Open Access Instruments Collection
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This collection includes tools developed by researchers and practitioners to collect data and conduct research with crime victims and victim services. Tools include focus group protocols, survey instruments, interview protocols, and logic models.
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Item 2018 Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services Grantee Training Needs Survey/Victims Services(Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services, 2018) Johnson, SherriThis study was designed to provide Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) with information on training needs, training topics, training delivery methods, and barriers to training among victims’ services organizations, and to allow DCJS to coordinate trainings that are targeted to grantees. To best meet the training needs of partner agencies, the Virginia DCJA conducted this survey. (Author Abstract)Item African American Experience of Sexual Assault in Maryland: Focus Group Protocol(National Institute of Justice, 2007) Weist, Mark D.; Pollitt-Hill, Jennifer; Kinney, Linda; Bryant, Yaphet; Anthony, Laura; Wilkerson, JenniferThe purpose of this study was to look at the service needs of African American women who were victims of sexual assault in Maryland. Focus groups were conducted with those providing survives in Maryland on the needs of their clients and available services. Data was also obtained from victim interviews. 21 focus groups were conducted with service providers working at rape crisis centers, detention centers, community center, or historically Black colleges between 2003 and 2006. (CVRL abstract). [CVRL Note]: This instrument was used with the African American Experience of Sexual Assault in Maryland, Interview Protocol.Item African American Experience of Sexual Assault in Maryland: Interview Protocol(National Institute of Justice, 2007) Weist, Mark; Pollitt-Hill, Jennifer; Kinney, Linda; Bryant, Yaphet; Anthony, Laura; Wilkerson, JenniferThe purpose of this study was to look at the experiences of African American women who were victims of sexual assault in Maryland. Interviews were conducted with both African American and Caucasian women on their experiences after being victims of sexual assault. A primary focus was on the services that women both had available to and used in response to their victimization. To supplement this, focus groups with sexual assault service providers were conducted. 223 female victims of sexual assault in Maryland were interviewed. Interviewers received training a one day training course and met weekly to review protocols. African American victims were matched with interviewers of the same race. Interviews were conducted at rape crisis centers, correctional facilities, and community centers. (CVRL Abstract). [CVRL Note]: This instrument is related to the African American Experience of Sexual Assault in Maryland: Focus Group Protocol.Item Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey(Lewis R. Goldberg and Jennifer J. Freyd, 2006) Goldberg, Lewis R.; Freyd, Jennifer J.This survey was developed as a modification of the Betrayal Trauma Inventory (BTI) , which is an event history measure that looks at various types of traumas experienced and their impact. Trauma related to a betrayal of trust, such as abuse by a caregiver, has a different impact than trauma that does not involve a betrayal of trust, such as a natural disaster. Betrayal trauma causes more severe and lasting consequences than other forms of trauma. This means that differentiating betrayal trauma from other forms of trauma is important to treatment, however, the utility of the BTI is limited by the fact that it takes an average of 45 minutes to complete. The goal of the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey (BBTS) was to keep the instrument as short as possible while still including as many different types of trauma as possible. The survey was piloted with a community-based sample of 749 adults as part of a larger study. The BBTS included 12 items evaluating different forms of trauma. Based on the results of the pilot study, the instrument was revised. Versions of this survey modified for specific populations and in additional languages can be found at https://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/bbts/index.html and scoring details can be found here: https://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/bbts/categories.html (CVRL Abstract). [CVRL note]: This instrument is related to the Brief Hypervigilance Scale.Item The Brief Hypervigilance Scale(Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, & Policy, 2015) Bernstein, Rosemary E.; Deckler, Brianna C.; Knight, Jeffrey A.; Freyd, Jennifer J.Those who are mistreated or abused by those who they trust develop coping skills to deal with the betrayal of the trusted person. This can lead an intense fear, which can develop into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), amnesia, feelings of shame, and dissociation. The current instrument was developed to measure symptoms of PTSD among victims of betrayal trauma. The Brief Hypervigilance Scale has five items asking about symptoms of PTSD. It uses a subset of the items from the Hypervigilance Scale to create a shorter measure capturing the same concept. The instrument was assessed for validity and reliability using a sample of 489 undergraduate college students. This instrument is unique in that it was one of the earliest instruments developed to measure PTSD using populations other than veterans. (CVRL Abstract). [CVRL Note]: This instrument is used with the Betrayal Trauma Scale.Item Bruising as a Forensic Marker of Physical Elder Abuse(University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 2009) Mosqueda, LauraThis study was designed to look at bruising as a marker of physical elder abuse. Bruises were examined to determine if elder abuse had occurred and an expert panel confirmed that the bruises were due to physical elder abuse. The study was comprised of 67 adults over age 65 whose cases had been reported to the Orange County Adult Protective Services because of suspected elder physical abuse. The study included 142 variables and assessed the functioning of the subjects, medical conditions, cognitive functioning, and history of falls along with patterns of bruising. (CVRL Abstract).Item Campus Climate Survey Validation Study: College Experiences Survey(RTI International, 2016) Krebs, Christopher; Lindquist, Christine; Planty, Michael; Langton, LynnThe Campus Climate Survey Validation Study (CCSVS) was designed to efficiently and confidentially measure the incidence and prevalence of campus sexual assault and the campus climate related to sexual harassment and sexual assault. Three key types of sexual victimization are measured: sexual assault, rape, and sexual battery. Additionally, the survey includes items for capturing experiences with sexual harassment; coerced sexual contact; intimate partner violence; and perpetration of sexual harassment and sexual assault; and several dimensions of campus climate, including school connectedness, perceptions of campus leadership efforts related to sexual misconduct, and student norms related to sexual misconduct. Seven modules are included in the survey instrument, the first three of which are recommended for administration in their entirety to measure rape and sexual assault (RSA) victimization. The White House Task Force to Protect Students From Sexual Assault was established in January 2014. One of its primary goals is to provide institutions of higher education with tools that they can use to more effectively respond to and prevent rape and sexual assault. As noted in the first report of the Task Force (Not Alone), one such tool is a climate survey designed to help schools understand the magnitude and nature of sexual victimization experienced by students. (Author Abstract)Item Changing Climates of Conflict: A Social Network Experiment Survey(National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016) Paluck, Betsy Levy; Shepherd, Hana H.; Aronow, PeterTheories explaining human behavior argue that individuals look to others in their community to what behaviors are socially acceptable and what behaviors are deviant. Most individuals adjust their behavior so that it fits within normative and acceptable standards. Arguably, if the social climate changes, those in the community will adjust their behavior to align with new norms. Changing norms and values changes behavior. This experiment tested the impact of an anti-conflict program that was provided in some schools with treatment and control groups. At the end of the intervention, students were surveyed to assess individual change and changes in the social climate and social norms of that individual. A randomized controlled trial was used where schools in New Jersey were randomly selected to have student receive the treatment. Within selected schools a subset of students were selected to receive the intervention. After the program was implemented treatment and control groups were surveyed about their impression of social norms within their schools. (CVRL Abstract).Item Child Abuse: Improving Investigation & Prosecution Survey(Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services, 2013) Johnson, SherriThis survey was developed to gather information on investigative, administrative, and judicial processes related to child abuse and neglect, including child sexual abuse/exploitation, in Virginia. The study focused on three areas related to child abuse: laws, policies/procedures, and training. Specifically, we are interested in the processes that directly impacts child victims and how these processes may minimize or worsen their trauma. Surveys were sent to those involved with organizations that serve child victims in the Commonwealth of Virginia such as advocates, child protective service employees, judges, law enforcement officers, and medical professionals. The aim of this study was to identify needs and improve the investigation and prosecution of cases of child abuse. (Author Abstract)Item Child Sexual Abuse Forensic Interview Protocol (CSAIP)--Version 2012-IV(Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, 1997) Cheung, Monit; Lewis, Mary R.For practice and research use--This instrument is a tested protocol for use in forensic interviewing with an alleged victim of child sexual abuse. There are 4 stages with tested questions to validate child sexual abuse that are suitable for children who can verbally communicate with the interviewer. A Chinese language version of the CSAIP is also available. (Author Abstract).Item Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict(Child Development, 1992) Grych, John; Seid, Michael; Fincham, FrankThis study is based on work by Grych and Fincham’s (1990) cognitive-contextual model. The study is meant to examine how children interpret conflict between parents or between their parent and their parent’s partner and child adjustment. The ways in which children interpret and understanding of parental conflict are related to child adjustment can be assessed. This instrument was developed to assess how children view interparental conflict. There are multiple subscales and three superordinate scales: Conflict properties (Frequency, Intensity, Resolution), Threat (Threat, Coping Efficacy) and Self-Blame (Content, Self-Blame). (CVR Abstract).Item Children’s Social Behavior Scale – Self Report(Nicki R. Crick, 1991) Crick, Nicki; Grotpeter, Jennifer K.The initial goal of the study was to look at the differences in aggressive behavior by gender. Prior research had looked at aggression between student but not aggregated these findings by gender. Males are traditionally thought to use physical aggression and females use relational aggression, such as spreading rumors and excluding others. The frequency of female aggression may have been previously underestimated because of the reliance of most instruments on physical aggression. Relational aggression is subtler and less likely to be identified and addressed by adults such as parents and teachers.A sample of 491 students in third through sixth grade was surveyed by the authors of the instrument. The CSBS had 15 items measuring physical aggression, relational aggression, prosocial behavior, and isolation. Participants responded on Likert scale with answers ranging from, 1, “never” to 5, “all the time.” Students were given a list of their classmates and asked t nominate three other students as examples of peers who engaged in each of the behaviors. The authors were present to answer any questions about the instrument. (CVRL Abstract).Item Chinese Criminal Victimization Survey(International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2007) Messner, Steven F.; Zhang, Lening; Liu, JianhongThis study was designed to identify predictors of criminal victimization based on lifestyles and routine activities theory to make recommendations for policy and improving public safety. Participants were asked about their victimization experiences for violent and property crime, whether they reported the crime to the police, their relationship with the offender and other characteristics of the offense. The study had two primary aims. The first was to test whether a Western multi-level analytic framework could be applied to China. The second was to determine predictors of burglary in China. The level one household level variables were measures of target attractiveness and presence or lack of guardianship. The level two, community variables, were measures of collective efficacy and public control. (CVRL Abstract).Item Coercive Control Measure for Intimate Partner Violence(COSMOS Corporation, 2005) Dutton, Mary Ann; Goodman, Lisa; Schmidt, R. JamesThis instrument was created to measure the previously neglected area of nonviolent coercive control in intimate partner violence. This was used to gain a theoretical understanding of coercive control. This instrument measures intimate partner violence victimization and offending, as well as the overlap and can be used with both male and female participants. Respondents answered questions about their own behavior and that of their partners in the past month and past 12 months. Between February and September 2004, 302 male and 448 female participants who had been in a relationship within the past 12 months were surveyed. Participants were asked about physical and emotional abuse and controlling behaviors they or their partners used. A Spanish Language version is also included. [CVRL Abstract]Item Conceptual Model for Victim Legal Services(Justice Research and Statistics Association, 2021)This tool came out of a collaboration between the Justice Research and Statistics Association and the National Crime Victim Law Institute. The purpose of this tool is to to measure “success” in the delivery of legal services to crime victims and to help practitioners design and deliver more effective programs. The research team collaborated with a group of victim legal service professionals and survivors to define a conceptual framework that delineates the types of services provided by legal service agencies, the desired short-term program outcomes and long-term objectives, as well as a theory of change for why the services provided are expected to lead to the desired outcomes. The conceptual model was pilot tested with three victims’ rights enforcement clinics. (Author Text).Item Cyber-Harassment Survey(Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2005) Beran, Tanya; Li, QingResults from this survey determine the nature and extent of various forms of cyber-bullying among ethnically diverse adolescents. Also, both the emotional and behavioral impact of being cyber-bullied is measured. There are a total of 15 self-administered items rated on a 5 point scale. A total of 432 students (193 boys and 239 girls) in grades 7–9 were selected from nine junior high schools from middle class, ethnically diverse communities in Calgary. Schools were randomly selected and only those adolescents with signed consent were permitted to participate. A research assistant administered questionnaires to students in class and informed them that they were not obligated to complete the questionnaire and not to record their names to ensure anonymity. (Author Abstract).Item Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey(Sage Publications, 2015) Patchin, Justin W.; Hinduja, SameerThe instrument can be used to measure the prevalence and general frequency of online aggression/cyberbullying victimization and offending. It is important to carefully define cyberbullying for respondents as noted in the instrument. The main victimization and offending measures are comprised of 8 individual indicators each along with the corresponding global question about cyberbullying. (see pp 4-5 of attached). We originally developed the following survey instrument items in 2002 and have been refining them ever since. These questions have been asked on surveys administered via paper and pencil instrument in classrooms at school and via online instruments (both at school and via digital recruitment). (Author Abstract).Item Dating Violence among Latino Adolescents (DAVILA)(National Institute of Justice, 2013) Sabina, Chiara; Cuevas, CarlosThe purpose of the study was to: determine extent of dating violence in a sample of male and female Latino adolescents, determine the coexistence of other forms of victimization among those who experienced dating violence, examine formal service utilization among Latino adolescents who experienced dating violence, examine informal help-seeking among Latino adolescents who experienced data violence, examine culturally-relevant factors associated with the experience of and responses to dating violence, determine the psychological impact of dating violence on Latino adolescents, and evaluate the role of social resources on victimizations and psychosocial functioning among victimized Latino adolescents.The Dating Violence among Latino Adolescents (DAVILA) study assessed the victimization experience of a national sample of 1,525 Latino adolescents living in the United States. Trained professionals from an experienced survey research firm conducted the interviews over the phone in either English or Spanish, from September 2011 through February 2012. (CVRL Abstract) [CVRL Note]: A followup study was conducted using a related instrument, the DAVILA II.Item Dating Violence among Latino Adolescents-II (DAVILA-II)(Journal of Adolescence, 2016) Cuevas, Carlos; Sabina, ChiaraThe purpose of the study was to examine dating violence among Latino adolescents over time, evaluate the longitudinal patterns of co-occurring victimization (polyvictimization) for Latino victims of dating violence, examine the predictors of victimization patterns to understand the influences on dating violence over time, examine formal and informal help-seeking among Latino adolescents who experienced dating violence, and determine the subsequent psychosocial impact of dating violence.The Dating Violence among Latino Adolescents follow-up (DAVILA - II) study consists of follow up-interviews with parent and youth respondents from the DAVILA study (see ICPSR 34630) about experiences that occurred after the baseline interview for the purpose of investigating dating violence, co-morbid victimization, psychosocial outcomes of dating violence, help-seeking efforts by Latino youth, and the impact of cultural factors on these associations. The goal of DAVILA - II was to collect a second wave of data from the participants in the original DAVILA study, resulting in longitudinal data that would allow the researchers to overcome many of the limitations associated with cross-sectional data. (CVRL Abstract) [CVRL Note]: This instrument was used in a followup study to a study using the DAVILA.Item Digital Online & Privacy Survey (Digital-OPS)(Life Paths Appalachian Research Center, 2017) Hamby, Sherry; Taylor, Elizabeth; Smith, Alli; Jones, Lisa; Mitchell, KimberlyTechnology and related victimization are increasing and, in some cases, replacing in person crime. This survey looks at online behavior, risk and protective measures, and online victimization. Types of victimization measured include various fraud schemes, cyber stalking, and hacking. The consequences of these actions, both in terms of financial and emotional damage, and the impact of multiple victimizations are examined. The survey had seven subcategories: technology use, cyber-victimization, perceived, challenges to identifying scams, rural specific concerns, safety practices, risky behaviors, and pro and cons of technology use. Participants respond to questions on a Likert scale, and items can be summed to create subscale values. (CVR Abstract).