Open Access Instruments Collection
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This collection includes tools developed by researchers and practitioners to collect data and conduct research with crime victims and victim services. Tools include focus group protocols, survey instruments, interview protocols, and logic models.
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Item Inventory of Beliefs about Wife Beating (IBWB)(Violence and Victims, 1987) Saunders, Daniel G.; Lynch, Ann B.; Grayson, Marcia; Linz, DanielThe understanding of the underlying intimate partner violence (or wife beating) is important to understanding that lead to individuals to use violence in their own relationships. The Inventory of Beliefs about Wife Beating (IBWB) is a 31 item scale comprised of five subscales measuring different aspects of beliefs that perpetuate violence against women. An assessment of the inventory's dimensionality and validity was conducted. Data were collected from 675 students, 94 residents of a mid-western city, 7 l men who batter, and 70 advocates for battered women. Five reliable subscales were created: wife beating is justified, wives gain from beatings, help should be given, offenders should be punished, and the offender is responsible. (Author Abstract).Item Children’s Social Behavior Scale – Self Report(Nicki R. Crick, 1991) Crick, Nicki; Grotpeter, Jennifer K.The initial goal of the study was to look at the differences in aggressive behavior by gender. Prior research had looked at aggression between student but not aggregated these findings by gender. Males are traditionally thought to use physical aggression and females use relational aggression, such as spreading rumors and excluding others. The frequency of female aggression may have been previously underestimated because of the reliance of most instruments on physical aggression. Relational aggression is subtler and less likely to be identified and addressed by adults such as parents and teachers.A sample of 491 students in third through sixth grade was surveyed by the authors of the instrument. The CSBS had 15 items measuring physical aggression, relational aggression, prosocial behavior, and isolation. Participants responded on Likert scale with answers ranging from, 1, “never” to 5, “all the time.” Students were given a list of their classmates and asked t nominate three other students as examples of peers who engaged in each of the behaviors. The authors were present to answer any questions about the instrument. (CVRL Abstract).Item Sociomoral Reflection Measure, Short Form (SRM-SF)(Routledge, 1992) Gibbs, John C.; Basinger, Karen S.; Fuller, DickThis measure is designed to be used in a one on one interview looking at moral reasoning and judgement for K-12 and college students. Questions look at whether behaviors such as lying to friends and parents, saving the life of another person, and suicide are moral. The interview protocol questions also include whether it is acceptable to steal, obey the law, and for those who break the law to be punished. Participants are asked how strongly they feel about each of these issues. (CVR Abstract).Item Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict(Child Development, 1992) Grych, John; Seid, Michael; Fincham, FrankThis study is based on work by Grych and Fincham’s (1990) cognitive-contextual model. The study is meant to examine how children interpret conflict between parents or between their parent and their parent’s partner and child adjustment. The ways in which children interpret and understanding of parental conflict are related to child adjustment can be assessed. This instrument was developed to assess how children view interparental conflict. There are multiple subscales and three superordinate scales: Conflict properties (Frequency, Intensity, Resolution), Threat (Threat, Coping Efficacy) and Self-Blame (Content, Self-Blame). (CVR Abstract).Item Violence Exposure Scale – Revised (VEX-R)(Department of Health Development, University of Maryland, 1995) Fox, Nathan A.; Leavitt, Lewis A.The VEX-R uses cartoon style pictures of violence and can be used with preschool aged children. Children view eight pictures of Chris (male or female depending on the gender of the child) either witnessing or experiencing violence. Children were then asked how often they had experienced the same events that happened to Chris. This instrument was developed based on an exposure to violence scale for children by Richters and Martinez (1990). Their study used written descriptions of violence and was used with elementary school aged children. Families of children in a Head Start program were contacted and invited to participate in the study and one-hour interviews were conducted to screen families for inclusion. Two interviewers went to the home of eligible families. One interviewed the child and the other interviewed the child’s primary caregiver. Questions were asked about the child’s exposure to violence, behavior problems, symptoms of distress, and verbal achievement. (CVRL Abstract)Item Child Sexual Abuse Forensic Interview Protocol (CSAIP)--Version 2012-IV(Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, 1997) Cheung, Monit; Lewis, Mary R.For practice and research use--This instrument is a tested protocol for use in forensic interviewing with an alleged victim of child sexual abuse. There are 4 stages with tested questions to validate child sexual abuse that are suitable for children who can verbally communicate with the interviewer. A Chinese language version of the CSAIP is also available. (Author Abstract).Item San Diego Survey of Volunteers/Staff in Victim/Witness Service Programs(National Institute of Justice, 1997) Rienick, Cynthia; Mulmat, Darlanna Hoctor; Pennell, SusanIn 1995, there were approximately 9.9 violent victimizations in the United States. Victimization can lead to experiencing psychological and emotional consequences. The purpose of this study was to examine how the needs of violent crime victims are met and the success of these efforts. The services available to victims of violent crime, use by this population was also examined, usefulness of these services and the satisfaction of victims and witnesses with the criminal justice system were also examined. This survey was used with the Victim/Witness Survey and the Law Enforcement Survey, which are in the attached report. The Criminal Justice Research Division of the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) conducted surveys and interviews crime victims, law enforcement officers, and other victims’ service providers in the San Diego area. Volunteers and staff working with victims of violent crime were surveyed about their experiences, responsibilities, and the needs of victims and witnesses. (CVRL Abstract). [CVRL Note]: This instrument is related to the San Diego Victim/Witness Survey and the San Diego Survey of Law Enforcement.Item San Diego Victim/Witness Survey(National Institute of Justice, 1997) Rienick, Cynthia; Mulmat, Darlanna Hoctor; Pennell, SusanIn 1995, there were approximately 9.9 violent victimizations in the United States. Victimization can lead to experiencing psychological and emotional consequences. The purpose of this study was to examine how the needs of violent crime victims are met and the success of these efforts. The services available to victims of violent crime, use by this population was also examined, usefulness of these services and the satisfaction of victims and witnesses with the criminal justice system were also examined. This instrument was used with the Survey of Law Enforcement and Survey or Volunteers and Staff, which are included in the attached report. The Criminal Justice Research Division of the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) conducted surveys and interviews crime victims, law enforcement officers, and other victims’ service providers in the San Diego area. A total of 718 victims and witnesses participated in the initial survey and 330 were re contacted for a follow up six months later. (CVRL Abstract). [CVRL Note]: This instrument is related to the San Diego Survey of Law Enforcement and the San Diego Survey of Staff/Volunteers.Item San Diego Survey of Law Enforcement(1997) Rienick, Cynthia; Mulmat, Darlanna Hoctor; Pennell, SusanIn 1995, there were approximately 9.9 violent victimizations in the United States. Victimization can lead to experiencing psychological and emotional consequences. The purpose of this study was to examine how the needs of violent crime victims are met and the success of these efforts. The services available to victims of violent crime, use by this population was also examined, usefulness of these services and the satisfaction of victims and witnesses with the criminal justice system were also examined. This survey was used with the Victim/Witness Survey and the Survey of Volunteers and Staff, which are also included in the attached report. The Criminal Justice Research Division of the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) conducted surveys and interviews crime victims, law enforcement officers, and other victims’ service providers in the San Diego area. Law enforcement officers were asked about their experience with victims of violent crime and collaboration with other agencies to assist these victims. (CVRL Abstract). [CRVL Note]: This instrument is related to the San Diego Volunteer/Staff Survey and the San Diego Victim/Witness Survey.Item Profile of Psychological Abuse of Women(Violence and Victims, 1999) Sackett, Leslie A.; Saunders, Daniel G.To develop a multi-factorial measure of psychological abuse and show the relationship of different forms of abuse to self-esteem and depression. Battered women (mean age 34.7 yrs) receiving either shelter (n = 30) or nonshelter services (n = 30) from a domestic violence agency were interviewed regarding psychological abuse and its aftermath. Four types of abuse were derived from factor analysis: ridiculing of traits, criticizing behavior, ignoring, and jealous control. Sheltered women experienced ridicule and jealous/control more often than nonsheltered women. For the entire sample, ridiculing of traits was rated as the most severe form. Ignoring was the strongest predictor of low self-esteem. Both psychological abuse and physical abuse contributed independently to depression and low self-esteem. However, fear of being abused was uniquely predicted by psychological abuse. Implications for practice and research are discussed. (Author Abstract).Item Unwanted Sexual Experiences Measure(Journal of Sex Research, 1999) Zweig, Janine; Crockett, Lisa; Sayer, Aline; Vicary, JudithThis research instrument is designed to measure sexual victimization among young adults, with a particular focus on intercourse (including vaginal, oral, or anal). It seeks to understand if young adults have experienced unwanted sex and, if so, what type of sexual coercion they experienced. Types of sexual coercion include: internal psychological pressure, substance-related coercion, external psychological manipulation, and threat or actual use of violence by the perpetrator. It has been implemented through paper and electronic, self-administered surveys, as well as during phone-administered interviews. Given the sensitive nature and the intention for use with youth subjects, this instrument likely requires the consultation and oversight of a human subjects research ethics board. It is also recommended that this instrument be administered with mental health professionals/counselors available in case a respondent is triggered or upset by the content. The unwanted sexual experiences question of the measure was created for the above study. It drew on research (Koss 1993) that encourages the use of behaviorally focused questions in framing questions around actions rather than labels. For that reason, respondents are asked about "unwanted sex," rather than about "rape" or "sexual assault." The questions related to the types of sexual coercion were adapted from measures created by Muehlenhard and Cook (1988) and Koss and Oros (1982). (Author Abstract).Item International and U.S. Women in the Sex Industry in the U.S.: Health Care Workers(National Institute of Justice, 2001) Raymond, Janice G.; Hughes, Donna M.This study was conducted by the Coalition Against Trafficking Women to examine trends in the trafficking both international and domestic women in the United States. The study developed a research framework to track the experiences of trafficked women from their background, recruitment and entrance into trafficking, experiences in the industry, ways in which they were controlled, how they coped with their experience, and the consequences of trafficking from multiple perspectives. The interview protocol for health care workers asked about how victims of sex trafficking were identified, the injuries and illnesses that they commonly seen, mental health consequences for victims, use of drugs and alcohol, access to healthcare, and violence and sexual abuse. They were asked about the use of violence by pimps and buyers of sexual services and for their recommendations of policy changes. Interview were conducted either in person or over the telephone. Four groups of participants were interviewed: victims of sex trafficking, law enforcement officers, social workers, and healthcare workers. Questions were modified to target the subjects about which each population had the most knowledge and experience. A total of 25 trafficked women, 25 law enforcement officers, 35 social service workers, and six healthcare providers were conducted. [CVRL Note]: This instrument was used with the interview protocols for trafficked women, law enforcement officers, and social workers.Item International and U.S. Women in the Sex Industry in the U.S.: Law Enforcement(National Institute of Justice, 2001) Raymond, Janice G.; Hughes, Donna M.This study was conducted by the Coalition Against Trafficking Women to examine trends in the trafficking both international and domestic women in the United States. The study developed a research framework to track the experiences of trafficked women from their background, recruitment and entrance into trafficking, experiences in the industry, ways in which they were controlled, how they coped with their experience, and the consequences of trafficking from multiple perspectives. The interview protocol for law enforcement officers looked at those who encountered victims of trafficking, most frequently those working in addressing the commercial sex industry immigration and immigration and naturalization specialty officers. They were asked about their perceptions of and experiences with trafficking victims, traffickers, the sex industry in their jurisdiction, buyers, and members of organized crime. Interview were conducted either in person or over the telephone. Four groups of participants were interviewed: victims of sex trafficking, law enforcement officers, social workers, and healthcare workers. Questions were modified to target the subjects about which each population had the most knowledge and experience. A total of 25 trafficked women, 25 law enforcement officers, 35 social service workers, and six healthcare providers were conducted. (CVRL Abstract). [CVRL Note]: This instrument was used with the interview protocols for trafficked women, social workers, and healthcare workers.Item International and U.S. Women in the Sex Industry in the U.S.: Social Workers(National Institute of Justice, 2001) Raymond, Janice G.; Hughes, Donna M.This study was conducted by the Coalition Against Trafficking Women to examine trends in the trafficking both international and domestic women in the United States. The study developed a research framework to track the experiences of trafficked women from their background, recruitment and entrance into trafficking, experiences in the industry, ways in which they were controlled, how they coped with their experience, and the consequences of trafficking from multiple perspectives. The interview protocol for social workers asked about their experiences working with victims of human trafficking and the consequences of trafficking that they observed in their clients as well as coping methods and health consequences. They were also asked to recommend policy changes that would help address trafficking of women in the commercial sex industry. Interview were conducted either in person or over the telephone. Four groups of participants were interviewed: victims of sex trafficking, law enforcement officers, social workers, and healthcare workers. Questions were modified to target the subjects about which each population had the most knowledge and experience. A total of 25 trafficked women, 25 law enforcement officers, 35 social service workers, and six healthcare providers were conducted. (CVRL Abstract). [CVRL Note]: This instrument was used with the interview protocols for trafficked women, law enforcement officers, and health care workers.Item International and U.S. Women in the Sex Industry in the U.S.: Trafficked Women(National Institute of Justice, 2001) Raymond, Janice G.; Hughes, Donna M.This study was conducted by the Coalition Against Trafficking Women to examine trends in the trafficking both international and domestic women in the United States. The study developed a research framework to track the experiences of trafficked women from their background, recruitment and entrance into trafficking, experiences in the industry, ways in which they were controlled, how they coped with their experience, and the consequences of trafficking from multiple perspectives.Interview were conducted either in person or over the telephone. Four groups of participants were interviewed: victims of sex trafficking, law enforcement officers, social workers, and healthcare workers. Questions were modified to target the subjects about which each population had the most knowledge and experience. A total of 25 trafficked women, 25 law enforcement officers, 35 social service workers, and six healthcare providers were conducted. (CVRL Abstract). [CVRL Notes]: This instrument was used with interview protocols for law enforcement officers, social workers, and health care workers.Item Weight-based Teasing by Peers and Family Members(International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 2002) Neumark-Sztainer, DianneThis survey was developed to allow for assessing the relationship between weight-based teasing and health-related outcomes. These survey questions were developed for the Project EAT survey based upon measures developed by Thompson and his colleagues , and their research indicating the importance of examining the frequency of teasing, different sources of teasing (i.e., peers and family members), and the effect of teasing (i.e., how much it bothers those teased). The Project EAT survey went through multiple revisions based upon input from a team of experts from diverse professional backgrounds, members of the University of Minnesota Youth Advisory Board, and 7th and 10th grade students who took the survey. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a separate sample of 161 adolescents over a 2-week period. (Author Abstract).Item School Life Survey(John F. H. Chan, 2002) Chan, John F. H.The SLS measures bullying and victimization and includes physical, psychological, and relational aggression. The most distinguishing aspect of the SLS that makes is different from other bullying measurement instrument is that the SLS is not anonymous. The rationale behind this is youth tend to exaggerate and misrepresent themselves if they are anonymous leading to inaccurate responses. The SLS also gives participants the opportunity to identify the bully, which provides the opportunity for intervention and assistance for bullying victims. Information on the ethical issues related to using a non anonymous survey are discussed in the article by Chan and Raundenbusch (2004) mentioned above. The School Life Survey (SLS) was developed by John Chan for his unpublished doctoral dissertation. It was designed to improve upon the Olweus Questionnaire and has nine items measuring bullying and 15 items measuring victimization. A peer nomination strategy was used where students identified by other students as bullies, especially those identified by multiple students, were targeted for inclusion. (CVRL Abstract).Item (Modified) Maltreatment Classification System(Child Abuse & Neglect, 2002) English, Diana J.; Brummel, Sherry C.; Graham, J. Christopher; Coghlan, Laura K.The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that lead Child Protective Services (CPS) to either substantiate or find a claim inconclusive. The study looks at the ways in which CPS workers interpret policies related to their decision making. This includes case, contextual, and risk factors that CPS workers identify during the course of an investigation. This survey builds on research that was previously collected by English and Colleagues in 1998 on decision making by CPS. There were three phases of the study. The first phase looked at case records and reports from the Washington Case and Management Information System (CAMIS). Next, surveys were sent to CPS workers in Washington State. The third phase interviewed caregivers in families who had been investigated by CPS. (CVR Abstract).Item Evaluation of Violence Against Women with Physical Disabilities in Michigan, 2000-2001(Violence and Victims, 2003) Milberger, SharonThe questionnaire has two parts. Part 1 is a brief questionnaire to screen for a history of domestic violence and identify demographic characteristics. Variables in Parts 1 and 2 include type of disability, type of personal assistance needed, and whether the respondent was ever physically, emotionally, or sexually abused. Part 2 also contains variables on sources of monthly income, who perpetrated the abuse, the abuser's gender, how long the victim knew the abuser, whether the victim sought assistance from a domestic violence program or shelter, and a description of the worst incident of physical abuse. Demographic variables in Parts 1 and 2 include ethnicity, age, employment status, and marital status. All interviewers were specifically trained in issues of domestic violence prior to initiating the interviews to assure that sensitivity and awareness with regard to safety and support were provided to the participants. Participants were offered the option to complete the screen over the phone, by mail, by fax, or online. The tool was developed for a study conducted in 2000-2001 examining the prevalence and risk factors of domestic abuse in women with physical disabilities. The questionnaire used was based on a protocol developed by Nosek (1995) that addressed demographic characteristics, social networks, and abuse history. (Author Abstract).Item Telephone Survey Evaluation of Victim Advocacy Services for Battered Women(National Institute of Justice, 2004) Weisz, Arlene N.; Canales-Portalatin, DavidThis instrument was used for telephone interviews with women named as victims on police reports of domestic violence. A strength is that this approach seeks the opinions and experiences of women who possibly did not seek help from formal sources other than police. One weakness of the instrument is that it was developed in the late 1990s. It requires privacy for respondents to answer honestly, and currently, many women would probably not answer the phone or might not have the same phone number that they gave police. The instrument was developed in Detroit to reach urban, abused women who were rarely included in formal research. At the time, the Detroit Police Department was in the early stages of developing a domestic violence unit, and the prosecutor's office, along with a few domestic violence programs, were increasing their efforts to provide legal advocacy for abused women. This was an effort to evaluate these interventions from survivors' perspectives. (Author Abstract) [CVRL Note]: This instrument is related to the Telephone Survey for Detroit Domestic Violence Unit, Detroit Police Department.